December 21, 2012: Mayan Apocalypse

    There is a lot of misinformation out there so let's set the record straight before we all start running for the hills.  Because after a few ridiculous blockbuster movies and  some thought-provoking history channel documentaries we are now a society closely approaching a highly anticipated date.  The Mayan calender known as the long count will end its 13th baktun (a period of 144,000 days) which marks the end of the first "Great Cycle" on December 21, 2012.  There are questions on the accuracy of this date due to the calendar not accounting for leap years, however the issue of leap year only plays a role in calendars that count years.  This calendar simply counts days and is independent of the solar year.  The Mayans have just been counting the sunrise and sunset for thousands and thousands of days.  Perhaps the misconception has stemmed from use of the word calendar and the Mayan Long Count is more of a day recorder.  None the less, it has been recording for something like 1.8 million days since the beginning of the first baktun (August 11, 3113 BCE).  And on December 21 of this year the calendar will reach 1,872,000 days, the day recorder will reset, and we will enter into the 14th baktun.  The number 13 was considered a holy number by the Mayans who thought there to be 13 levels of heaven, thus the "Great Cycle" comprises of 13 baktuns.

   So that is what the Mayan Long count "is," but what did the end of this "Great Cycle" actually mean to the  ancient Mayans?  To see time as the Mayans did we have to strip away the prejudices and preconceptions of our Western thought.  Western man sees time as linear, it begins at some point and ends at another.  However, the Mayans saw time as cyclical; what has happened in the past will happen again and time is comprised of looping events.  Their culture makes no claims that the end of the world occurs when the "Great Cycle" ends in 2012.  Instead, it is the turning over into a new era, a period of change and renewal, which has been speculated as meaning that this world must be destroyed for a new one to begin.  This is not necessarily the case.  We see similar renewing mentalities in our own culture each January when our calender resets and the gyms are swarmed by new years resolutioners.  What we don't see is people worried the world is going to end every year on December 31st.  At least not sane people because it is simply the beginning of a new cycle around the sun.

    But all ancient Mayan cultural speculative significance aside, why would we trust a ancient civilization to predict the end of the world in the first place?  Where does this confidence in their astronomical and temporal predictions come from?  To their credit, the Mayans were in fact great astronomers for their time, thought to be obsessed with the happening of the stars.  Without a sextant or any modern technology, they were able to predict lunar events within seconds 1,500 years into the future and they also very accurately charted the orbits of planets, such as Mercury,  Mars and Venus.  The Mayans are also thought to have predicted the alignment of the earth, the sun and the center of the Milky Way galaxy on December 12 of 2012.  Some have suggested that this alignment will invoke gravitational effects that could throw the earth off its axis or even out of orbit. And while the gravitational effects of this alignment are mathematically negligible, there is a easier way to prove this theory wrong.  The Earth, the Sun, and the center of the galaxy will align on that day, that much the doomsday theorists have gotten right.  But what often is overlooked is that this alignment occurs EVERY YEAR on December 21, which is known as the winter solstice.  And since we have survived every previous winter solstice, our past suggests we will also survive this one.  There are also many other fabricated theories on alignments of planets which will cause the planets to waver off their orbits.  These are simply not true, there is no special alignments of planets on 12/21/12, and the only significant sources of gravity on the earth are the Sun and the Moon.

December 21, 2012...Just Another Day

NASA Jet Propulsion Lab

   Doomsday 2012 advocates will tell you that the precision of Mayan astronomy must have been influenced by gods or aliens because their knowledge is too great for their time period.  Also that these aliens shared with the Mayans their knowledge of the universe and even told them the date of the end of the world (a idea made even more famous by the TV show: Ancient Aliens).  However, if the Mayans did have aliens telling them the secrets of the universe, a lot of the basic secrets were left out.  For instance, the Mayans thought the world to be flat and resting on top of a giant crocodile and they also were unaware of the structure of our solar system, viewing the planets as simply faster moving stars.  More significantly, if December 21st is the end of the world, that would mean the Earth began at the beginning of the Mayan "Great Cycle" on August 11, 3113 BCE, which is only a couple thousand years ago.  However, geological and astronomical evidence has proven the earth to be just over 4.5 billion years old.  This means the Mayans wrongly calculated the beginning of the Earth by over 4 billions years! Why then should we trust the Mayans to predict the Earth's end?

   But even more far-fetched are the rumors surrounding the proposed planet, Nibiru.  This planet was first introduced by the writer and ancient alien theorist, Zachariah Sitchin.  Sitchin stated that the ancient Sumerian culture was aware of a extra planet that follows a very elliptical orbit around the sun.  This planet has no real link to the Maya other than their shared interest in astronomy.  Nibiru is speculated to be slowly approaching the earth and will either crash into the earth or have intense gravitational effects on it.  However, if this planet was approaching it would be very visible at this point and there has also been no effects on any neighboring planets that suggest a unwelcomed visiting planet.  Some suggest that the planet has been observed by NASA and other government agencies and they are working hard to keep it under wraps.  If this is true then they would have to confiscate every telescope in the world.  Honestly I haven't checked in a while, but I'm fairly certain my telescope is still collecting dust in the garage.  On top of that, this is based on only one mans interpretation of a ancient text that at the time very few people could read.  However, the few that can now read ancient Sumerian assert that Sitchin has twisted the language to fit his own theories and in some cases even gotten translations completely wrong.  The errors in his translations were so great that some accused Sitchin of not being able to read ancient Sumerian at all.

Zachariah Sitchin Debunked

   Conveniently, most of the astronomical claims of  the 2012 doomsday advocates are very testable with a telescope or a astronomy computer program.  However, there are a few that would have little more warning than a flash of light immediately before our destruction.  A solar flare followed by a coronal mass ejection is a emission of high energy particles from our sun that if aimed directly at earth with a large enough energy could do considerable damage.  These ejections happen very frequently and our planet is fairly consistently bombarded with material from the suns solar flares.  Luckily for us, the Earth has a magnetic field that shields us from these particles.  But if the solar flare was large enough or if the shields were down, we would be showered with radiation and electromagnetic waves that could incinerate all life in a instant.  However, there is no indication that the Earth's magnetic field will shut off.  Even during periods of magnetic pole inversion (when the north and south poles switch their orientation) it continues to protect us from solar radiation even though our compasses would need re-calibration.   Moreover, the sun is currently in a period called a solar minimum, which is a time of low solar activity.  During this time it is extremely unlikely that there will be a coronal mass ejection large enough to devastate the earth.  Instead a solar flare on this day would simply treat some penguins and Eskimos up north to an aurora borealis or "Northern Lights" that this radiation causes.

    The other unpredictable and perhaps most destructive of all celestial events is a supernova.  If the world is going to end on 2012, this is how it would happen without any warning.  When a star runs out of its hydrogen fuel, gravity compresses the mass of the star and it becomes a fiery ball of immensely unstable plasma.  When all this energy is then released the explosion outshines entire galaxies.  The high energy particles of this explosion then carry a shock wave demolishing anything in its path and remodeling portions of galaxies.  The blasts can carry across thousands of light years and travel nearly the speed of light.  Any creature living on a planet in the path of this blast would be bathed in light and then instantaneously treated to a swift death by heavenly fire.  This might be the most terrifying of all the solar calamities but fortunately it is also one of the most unlikely and modern astronomy has found no candidate stars close enough to cause us harm.  So once again earthlings can rest at ease knowing that if there is a supernova, it is much more likely some other poor fools on a far away planet that will draw the cosmic short straw.

Supernova Simulation

   It seems that all evidence points towards the continual existence of the earth as a beacon of life in the universe.  Our planet has weathered 4.5 billion years without being wiped away.  But then again, it has also seen many extinctions and destructive events.  More than 99% of all species of life that have lived on our planet are now extinct and through studying the skies, we have learned that cataclysm in this cosmic shooting galaxy is humbling eventuality.  The Earth will most likely survive December 21, 2012 and many December 21's to follow but someday this will all come to an end.  This is a fact that no doubt every prophet of doom is counting on.  And so it seems man will keep prophesying its end until by sheer inevitability one of us is proven right.



*Thus, if I was to predict the end of the world it  would have to be April 13, 2036.  The day that the asteroid Apophis, according to NASA, has a one in 45,000 chance of hitting the earth.  (see video)

Neil Degrasse Tyson: Death by Giant Meteor

End of the World in 2012 - Maya Calendar

Ancient Maya: Tools of Astronomy (History Chanel Documentary)

by: Brett Vollert

Sources:

http://www.nasa.gov

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=nasa-crushes-2012-mayan-apocalypse-claims

http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2012.html#mayans

http://web.archive.org/web/20070602162121/http://members.shaw.ca/mjfinley/calnote.htm

http://web.archive.org/web/20070702005434/http://www.crystalinks.com/precession.html

http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/oct/HQ_09-232_Apophis_Update.html

I believe in Aliens, just not in YOU....

     I love a good UFO conspiracy as much as the next guy.  However, traveling across the universe and through the vacuum of space to probe some humans seems ridiculous.  And while the numbers are clearly on the side of the existence of extra-terrestrial intelligent life, it is hard for me to believe that these same advanced aliens fail to be able to land securely and crash into the the deserts of New Mexico.  Although if these are aliens are crashing into our planet, I have new found confidence that we could successfully defend ourselves against a alien invasion.  Because while they might be extraterrestrial, they clearly are not all that intelligent.

    There are roughly 200 billion stars in the our Milky Way galaxy and there are around 200 billion more galaxies just like it throughout the universe.  It would then make sense that there would be at least one other planet circling one of these 400 billion billion stars that fosters intelligent life.  Especially because extra-solar planets are being discovered on a weekly basis and we have even found planets that fall into the "Goldy Locks Zone," whose orbits are the right distance from their stars to allow for biological life.  Using all this information, a scientist by the name of Frank Drake devised a equation that took into consideration all of the factors that would need to be aligned in order for intelligent life to exist in the universe.  The equation showed that there are likely millions of civilizations throughout the universe and thousands even in our galaxy.  (estimated at: 10,000 radio communicating civilizations in the Milky Way)

    And so we search the skies for some like us.  Organizations like SETI (http://www.seti.org/)  dedicate their resources to listening for radio waves from distant stars.  Our radio waves from early radio broadcasts have now reached out over 100 light years from the earth and the aliens circling our closest star, 4.3 light years away, are now caught up in the drama of the TV series, LOST.
   
     But after all our searching, there is no definite evidence that we have company in the universe.  Some may think that we have looked long enough and that the lack of evidence can be considered proof.  However, we have only been listening to the universe's radio waves for a little over 30 years, and to definitively state that there is no evidence of life is tantamount to scooping a cup of water out of the ocean and concluding that there are no whales in our seas.  It will take time, but why not keep looking?  Are we afraid that we might find we are not unique?

   We are made from the most common chemicals in the universe (H, O, C, N).  So the chemicals that make us are not unique, simply their configuration.  But perhaps life is a eventuality of complex chemistry.  It was very early in the earths history that life arose, in fact, it appeared almost immediately when the earths surface stabilized after the violent period of heavy bombardment.  One would think if it was a unlikely happening that it would take billions of years to arise.  But then again life seems to make logical sense.  On the very basic level, life is simply repeating chemical patterns.  Could we then even apply the evolutionary rules of natural selection to chemicals themselves?  Would it be to far a leap to say that life itself was naturally selected?  That even matter evolves?   Because all evolution is proclaiming is that structures that have attributes that promote their continual existence, continue to exist and to multiply. The second law of thermodynamics (order in a closed system always decreases and "entropy" increases) might suggest otherwise but that law is looking at the universe as a whole. In a non-closed system, physics allows for order to increase.

    With all this said, I am still weary to believe your UFO story.  Well...I believe you saw a UFO, a UNIDENTIFIED flying object, but not a alien.  Lets not jump to any conclusions when we see a object in the sky.  Too often people see a light in the sky and they claim it was a alien craft visiting earth with no proof other than their ignorance of what the object was.  Occum's Razor is a scientific law that states that usually the simplest answer is the correct one, in biology this is called the law of parsimony.  Using this law, I conclude that there was no alien craft because it is more likely that you are simply a idiot.  Sorry but not sorry.  To over throw this law all we need is some sort of concrete evidence that aliens are in fact visiting our planet and a photo-shopped blurry flying saucer does not count.  Instead lets try to get a piece of the craft or maybe even a living or dead alien.  Because if it truly a alien craft, as Neil deGrasse Tyson suggests, the technology would be like nothing we have ever seen and the alien will likely not be DNA based.  Until that time, please stop mistaking weather balloons and low flying planes for aliens.  If we keep doing this, aliens might eventually visit and find the earth to be void of intelligent life.

      But like I said the whole alien conspiracy topic is incredibly interesting and I too find myself often falling into the drama of it all.  The way I see it; either these people are crazy, they are wanting attention and money, or they actually saw aliens.  Any of these three possibilities I find fascinating    With that said, I will leave you with my favorite clip from the "Disclosure Project," a organizational effort to bring together the most reliable sources on the Alien Conspiracy.  Clifford E. Stone was supposedly a government employee who worked on recovering crashed alien ships.

 

 

Our Cosmic Bubble

     Our cosmic bubble is a nurturing oasis, yet so fragile and vulnerable.   The Earth is home to us all, the only known refuge for life across the universe.  Past its thin atmosphere, we find life growing abundantly.  From the oxygen rich atmosphere, to the shielding magnetic field; the Earth seems to be almost perfectly adjusted for life.  As if the planet was made with humanity in mind.  As if this place we call home was predestined for life.  So much had to have gone right for the earth to be so hospitable.

     However, this third rock from the sun has not always been so inviting.  For most of its 4 billion year history mankind would have not found it suitable at all.  In the first billion years of its infancy it was a violent place, covered in magma and constantly bombarded by asteroids.  Volcanoes leaked toxic gasses into the atmosphere that would be fatal to humans.  It was not until the proliferation of photosynthetic species that the oxygen rich atmosphere was formed at around 2 billion years into the Earth's life.  And after this, aerobic life found the Earth full of opportunity.  It diversified and multiplied.  But this period was also full of ice ages, astrological bombardment, and mass extinctions.  Over 99% of all species that have existed have also gone extinct.  In fact, this period of time might speak more to life's perseverance rather than the earths hospitality.  But then again, this only adds the the unlikeliness of mans existence.  Made evident every time we call out into the expanse of space without answer.
    But to truly understand ourselves and our home planet, we must take a step back to see our existence from a different perspective.  We must be careful to not only see the snapshot of now.  Because we are as much our past as our present.  And to say that our planet is made for us, is to forget that life has spent the past 3 billion years conforming to this planet.  We have co-evolved.  Our environment has shaped us, while we have also shaped our environment.  Hardened by our violent beginnings and now comforted by our global reach.  Humanity should then not be so surprised by the Earth's overwhelming hospitality because we would remember that we worked for so long to make it so.

-by: Brett Vollert